Under federal tax law, non-profit organizations such as churches are tax-exempt because they are organized and operated exclusively for religious, charitable, scientific, literary, or educational purposes, or for the prevention of cruelty to children or animals. This means that the assets of a non-profit organization, including a church, must be used exclusively for achieving its exempt purposes.
Exclusive Purpose:
This requirement is often referred to as the “exclusivity of purpose” rule. It means that a non-profit organization cannot use its assets to benefit individuals or private interests, or for any purpose that is not directly related to its exempt purpose.
For example, a church cannot use its assets to support a political candidate or party, engage in substantial lobbying activities, or provide excessive compensation to its leaders. The church’s assets must be used solely for religious purposes, such as conducting worship services, providing education and counseling to its members, and supporting charitable activities.
In addition, non-profit organizations such as churches are subject to certain reporting requirements and restrictions on their activities under federal tax law. It is important for non-profit organizations to understand and comply with these rules to maintain their tax-exempt status and avoid potential penalties or revocation of their exempt status.
Incidental Use:
In general, the incidental use of church property refers to the use of a church’s property or facilities by individuals or groups for activities or events that are not directly related to the church’s religious functions. This can include activities such as community meetings, sports events, or cultural events.
The exact rules and regulations regarding incidental use of church property may vary depending on the specific church and the local laws and regulations. In some cases, churches may have strict policies in place regarding the use of their property, while in other cases they may be more flexible.
One important consideration when using church property for incidental purposes is liability. If an individual or group is using church property for an event or activity, they may be held liable for any injuries or damages that occur. It is important to ensure that proper insurance coverage is in place to protect all parties involved.
Another consideration is the tax implications of using church property for non-religious purposes. In general, churches are tax-exempt organizations, but if they engage in activities that are not directly related to their religious functions, they may be subject to taxation. It is important to consult with a qualified tax professional to ensure that all tax obligations are met.
Overall, the incidental use of church property can be a valuable resource for communities and individuals, but it is important to understand the rules and regulations that apply to such use and to take appropriate steps to protect all parties involved.
Unrelated Business Income Tax (UBIT):
IRC Section 512(b)(3) is a provision of the Internal Revenue Code that provides an exception to the UBIT for certain income generated by certain types of controlled organizations.
In general, the UBIT is a tax on income generated by a tax-exempt organization from a business or trade that is not directly related to the organization’s tax-exempt purpose. However, under IRC Section 512(b)(3), certain types of income generated by a controlled organization are exempt from the UBIT.
A controlled organization is generally defined as an organization that is controlled by a tax-exempt organization, either directly or indirectly. For example, a tax-exempt organization may control a for-profit subsidiary that generates income.
Under IRC Section 512(b)(3), certain types of income generated by a controlled organization are exempt from the UBIT if the organization meets certain requirements. Specifically, the income must be:
- Derived from a trade or business that is substantially related to the tax-exempt organization’s purpose;
- Conducted by the controlled organization for the tax-exempt organization’s benefit; and
- Not regularly carried on by the tax-exempt organization itself.
If these requirements are met, the income generated by the controlled organization is not subject to the UBIT. However, if the income does not meet these requirements, it may be subject to the UBIT.
It is important to note that there are a number of complex rules and exceptions that apply to the UBIT and IRC Section 512(b)(3), and that tax-exempt organizations should consult with a qualified tax professional for guidance on their specific situation.
Please see our other related articles
Churches and For-Profit Tenants
Churches and Property Tax Exemptions
Church Officer and Director Liability
Disclaimer: Every situation is different and particular facts may vary thereby changing or altering a possible course of action or conclusion. The information contained herein is intended to be general in nature as laws vary between federal, state, counties, and municipalities and therefore may not apply to any given matter. This information is not intended to be legal advice or relied upon as a legal opinion, course of action, accounting, tax, or other professional services. You should consult the proper legal or professional advisor knowledgeable in the area that pertains to your particular situation.